Built-to-Rent (BTR) single-family homes are attractive to home builders and developers for multiple reasons. With strong, growing consumer preference from quality tenants, BTR homes are a proven type of investment, offering steady, predictable income. It can be a diversification strategy to offset the ups and downs new construction market. Homes Built-to-Rent, as opposed to sell, can offer significant construction savings. And BTR offers numerous options when it comes time to sell.
PEW Research reported that 65% of households headed by people younger than 35 were renting, as were 41% of households headed by someone ages 35-44. Looking at the U.S. population, the greatest growth in the next several years will be people currently in their 20s and 30s (highlighted below.)
Over the next several years, as people now 20 – 40 years old age and have children, the single-family housing option will increasingly be in demand.
Exiting the Great Recession, many builders turned to building larger, more expensive homes due to increased costs for everything, leaving even fewer “affordable” new home options. BTR is one way of addressing the demand for new single-family homes at a monthly payment more households qualify for.
The added space found in three- and four-bedroom single-family houses, rare in the multifamily arena, better suits the needs of growing households. At the same time, as their careers and incomes blossom, these renters are becoming more financially stable and reliable tenants. As compared to multifamily, there’s also less turnover in single-family rentals.
Like single-family home buyers, renters are willing to pay a premium for new construction, especially homes with today’s in-demand design and amenities. Since brand-new homes will have minimal maintenance and repair issues for several years (outside of what would be typically covered under the new home first-year warranty), such expenses will be low. And those BTR first-year warranty costs will likely be less, as compared to the warranty expectations of home buyers.
A scant decade ago, home builders who survived the housing market downturn were just starting to see would-be buyers again. A BTR portfolio of homes may provide the regular income stream needed to help weather the next new home construction downturn. Such a diversification strategy, moving into an adjacent market space as opposed to something entirely different, allows the BTR home builder to capitalize on existing systems, resources, personnel, and know-how.
Single-family BTR homes can start producing income as each home is completed, as compared to multifamily’s longer construction timeframes before realizing revenues. Another strategy, kicking off a brand-new community by selling and then constructing BTR homes to an investor, can generate the needed capital for further development.
Build-to-Rent can offer numerous, significant savings over for-sale homes. Home design costs can be spread among a greater number of homes. Value-engineering can maximize efficiency, while repetitive builds minimize the added costs and potential construction delays for products such as roof trusses. Timely product selections based upon ready availability can eliminate costly setbacks, while buying larger quantities of materials may result in added savings.
Not dealing directly with custom home buyers can shorten building timeframes and allow builders to focus on construction, without interruption. Expensive change orders are mostly eliminated, as is the manpower consumed in pricing the changes. Though at the time this is being written the new home market is red-hot, a return to more typical market conditions brings the financial risks associated with speculative construction.
While contracting upfront to Build-to-Rent for investors is one approach, holding a BTR home portfolio produces recurring revenues. Then, when the time is right, the homes can be sold. Perhaps the existing renter would be interested in purchasing that home. Small investors might want to add a modest number of homes in one community to their rental holdings. Larger investors might be interested in acquiring the entire neighborhood. Regardless of their size, most investors favor newer homes requiring less upkeep, than older homes that may need to be renovated.
Build-to-Rent has become a part of the new construction landscape. The growing preference for renting rather than buying and the opportunity to live in a new single-family home are driving demand. Construction efficiencies coupled with reduced headaches streamline production. Recurring revenues with minimal unexpected expenses create an attractive income stream, and an appreciating asset attractive to numerous buyers makes for a wise investment. Still, the math has to work, beginning with the product to be built. And that starts with homes people aspire to live in. We conclude this series looking at:
Anatomy of a Successful BTR Home Design
As described previously, the sweet spot for single-family BTR houses tends to be three- and four-bedroom homes that are 45-feet-wide or narrower, around 2,000 square feet or less. Here we’ll examine one such design, plan 29318 the Herndon.
Attractive and value-engineered, the Herndon can be built with three bedrooms (1,840 square feet) or four bedrooms at 2,055 square feet, meeting two sets of buyers with one plan. The slab foundation is standard, while both crawl space and basement foundations are optional. The home’s 36-foot overall width and 46-foot depth fit well on more modest homesites, while the simple foundation saves money.
With minimal roofline changes, this home can be built with a fourth bedroom.
Make no mistake, home buyers equate 8-foot main level ceiling heights with older homes. Under a 9-foot ceiling, this design’s openness further contributes to a sense of spaciousness on the main floor. The extra-deep kitchen pantry draws applause, and carrying groceries in is quick and direct. Note that you don’t walk through the laundry carrying in those groceries (another “dated” design element.) Rather, there’s the drop zone seat and coat closet in this rear foyer. The powder bath location provides privacy. And the flex room checks off the box for working from home.
Second-floor accommodations of this design are equally enticing to renters. Secondary bedrooms are served by a compartmented bathroom which can de-stress the morning rush of trying to get everyone out the door on time. Having the laundry room upstairs eliminates long treks up and down the stairs with an overstuffed laundry basket. A cathedral ceiling in the Owner’s Suite is an unexpected WOW factor, as is the large walk-in closet. The appreciation for the importance of storage is also evident in the bathroom’s 5-foot linen closet. Yes, that linen closet could be omitted in favor of a bathtub. Building the fourth bedroom adds the potential of a second walk-in closet for the Suite, or a private Sanctuary Space/Peloton area.
For more resources on thoughtful design:
Photo: <a href='https://www.freepik.com/photos/people'>People photo created by yanalya - www.freepik.com</a>
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Viewing: /var/www/designbasics/wp-signup.php
<?php
/** Sets up the WordPress Environment. */
require __DIR__ . '/wp-load.php';
add_filter( 'wp_robots', 'wp_robots_no_robots' );
require __DIR__ . '/wp-blog-header.php';
nocache_headers();
if ( is_array( get_site_option( 'illegal_names' ) ) && isset( $_GET['new'] ) && in_array( $_GET['new'], get_site_option( 'illegal_names' ), true ) ) {
wp_redirect( network_home_url() );
die();
}
/**
* Prints signup_header via wp_head.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*/
function do_signup_header() {
/**
* Fires within the head section of the site sign-up screen.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*/
do_action( 'signup_header' );
}
add_action( 'wp_head', 'do_signup_header' );
if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
wp_redirect( wp_registration_url() );
die();
}
if ( ! is_main_site() ) {
wp_redirect( network_site_url( 'wp-signup.php' ) );
die();
}
// Fix for page title.
$wp_query->is_404 = false;
/**
* Fires before the Site Sign-up page is loaded.
*
* @since 4.4.0
*/
do_action( 'before_signup_header' );
/**
* Prints styles for front-end Multisite Sign-up pages.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*/
function wpmu_signup_stylesheet() {
?>
<style type="text/css">
.mu_register { width: 90%; margin: 0 auto; }
.mu_register form { margin-top: 2em; }
.mu_register fieldset,
.mu_register legend { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: none; }
.mu_register .error { font-weight: 600; padding: 10px; color: #333; background: #ffebe8; border: 1px solid #c00; }
.mu_register input[type="submit"],
.mu_register #blog_title,
.mu_register #user_email,
.mu_register #blogname,
.mu_register #user_name { width: 100%; font-size: 24px; margin: 5px 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
.mu_register #site-language { display: block; }
.mu_register .prefix_address,
.mu_register .suffix_address { font-size: 18px; display: inline-block; direction: ltr; }
.mu_register label,
.mu_register legend,
.mu_register .label-heading { font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; display: block; margin: 10px 0; }
.mu_register legend + p,
.mu_register input + p { margin-top: 0; }
.mu_register label.checkbox { display: inline; }
.mu_register .mu_alert { font-weight: 600; padding: 10px; color: #333; background: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #e6db55; }
.mu_register .mu_alert a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline; }
.mu_register .signup-options .wp-signup-radio-button { display: block; }
.mu_register .privacy-intro .wp-signup-radio-button { margin-right: 0.5em; }
.rtl .mu_register .wp-signup-blogname { direction: ltr; text-align: right; }
</style>
<?php
}
add_action( 'wp_head', 'wpmu_signup_stylesheet' );
get_header( 'wp-signup' );
/**
* Fires before the site Sign-up form.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*/
do_action( 'before_signup_form' );
?>
<div id="signup-content" class="widecolumn">
<div class="mu_register wp-signup-container" role="main">
<?php
/**
* Generates and displays the Sign-up and Create Site forms.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @param string $blogname The new site name.
* @param string $blog_title The new site title.
* @param WP_Error|string $errors A WP_Error object containing existing errors. Defaults to empty string.
*/
function show_blog_form( $blogname = '', $blog_title = '', $errors = '' ) {
if ( ! is_wp_error( $errors ) ) {
$errors = new WP_Error();
}
$current_network = get_network();
// Site name.
if ( ! is_subdomain_install() ) {
echo '<label for="blogname">' . __( 'Site Name (subdirectory only):' ) . '</label>';
} else {
echo '<label for="blogname">' . __( 'Site Domain (subdomain only):' ) . '</label>';
}
$errmsg_blogname = $errors->get_error_message( 'blogname' );
$errmsg_blogname_aria = '';
if ( $errmsg_blogname ) {
$errmsg_blogname_aria = 'wp-signup-blogname-error ';
echo '<p class="error" id="wp-signup-blogname-error">' . $errmsg_blogname . '</p>';
}
if ( ! is_subdomain_install() ) {
echo '<div class="wp-signup-blogname"><span class="prefix_address" id="prefix-address">' . $current_network->domain . $current_network->path . '</span><input name="blogname" type="text" id="blogname" value="' . esc_attr( $blogname ) . '" maxlength="60" autocomplete="off" required="required" aria-describedby="' . $errmsg_blogname_aria . 'prefix-address" /></div>';
} else {
$site_domain = preg_replace( '|^www\.|', '', $current_network->domain );
echo '<div class="wp-signup-blogname"><input name="blogname" type="text" id="blogname" value="' . esc_attr( $blogname ) . '" maxlength="60" autocomplete="off" required="required" aria-describedby="' . $errmsg_blogname_aria . 'suffix-address" /><span class="suffix_address" id="suffix-address">.' . esc_html( $site_domain ) . '</span></div>';
}
if ( ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
if ( ! is_subdomain_install() ) {
$site = $current_network->domain . $current_network->path . __( 'sitename' );
} else {
$site = __( 'domain' ) . '.' . $site_domain . $current_network->path;
}
printf(
'<p>(<strong>%s</strong>) %s</p>',
/* translators: %s: Site address. */
sprintf( __( 'Your address will be %s.' ), $site ),
__( 'Must be at least 4 characters, letters and numbers only. It cannot be changed, so choose carefully!' )
);
}
// Site Title.
?>
<label for="blog_title"><?php _e( 'Site Title:' ); ?></label>
<?php
$errmsg_blog_title = $errors->get_error_message( 'blog_title' );
$errmsg_blog_title_aria = '';
if ( $errmsg_blog_title ) {
$errmsg_blog_title_aria = ' aria-describedby="wp-signup-blog-title-error"';
echo '<p class="error" id="wp-signup-blog-title-error">' . $errmsg_blog_title . '</p>';
}
echo '<input name="blog_title" type="text" id="blog_title" value="' . esc_attr( $blog_title ) . '" required="required" autocomplete="off"' . $errmsg_blog_title_aria . ' />';
?>
<?php
// Site Language.
$languages = signup_get_available_languages();
if ( ! empty( $languages ) ) :
?>
<p>
<label for="site-language"><?php _e( 'Site Language:' ); ?></label>
<?php
// Network default.
$lang = get_site_option( 'WPLANG' );
if ( isset( $_POST['WPLANG'] ) ) {
$lang = $_POST['WPLANG'];
}
// Use US English if the default isn't available.
if ( ! in_array( $lang, $languages, true ) ) {
$lang = '';
}
wp_dropdown_languages(
array(
'name' => 'WPLANG',
'id' => 'site-language',
'selected' => $lang,
'languages' => $languages,
'show_available_translations' => false,
)
);
?>
</p>
<?php
endif; // Languages.
$blog_public_on_checked = '';
$blog_public_off_checked = '';
if ( isset( $_POST['blog_public'] ) && '0' === $_POST['blog_public'] ) {
$blog_public_off_checked = 'checked="checked"';
} else {
$blog_public_on_checked = 'checked="checked"';
}
?>
<div id="privacy">
<fieldset class="privacy-intro">
<legend>
<span class="label-heading"><?php _e( 'Privacy:' ); ?></span>
<?php _e( 'Allow search engines to index this site.' ); ?>
</legend>
<p class="wp-signup-radio-buttons">
<span class="wp-signup-radio-button">
<input type="radio" id="blog_public_on" name="blog_public" value="1" <?php echo $blog_public_on_checked; ?> />
<label class="checkbox" for="blog_public_on"><?php _e( 'Yes' ); ?></label>
</span>
<span class="wp-signup-radio-button">
<input type="radio" id="blog_public_off" name="blog_public" value="0" <?php echo $blog_public_off_checked; ?> />
<label class="checkbox" for="blog_public_off"><?php _e( 'No' ); ?></label>
</span>
</p>
</fieldset>
</div>
<?php
/**
* Fires after the site sign-up form.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*
* @param WP_Error $errors A WP_Error object possibly containing 'blogname' or 'blog_title' errors.
*/
do_action( 'signup_blogform', $errors );
}
/**
* Validates the new site sign-up.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @return array Contains the new site data and error messages.
* See wpmu_validate_blog_signup() for details.
*/
function validate_blog_form() {
$user = '';
if ( is_user_logged_in() ) {
$user = wp_get_current_user();
}
return wpmu_validate_blog_signup( $_POST['blogname'], $_POST['blog_title'], $user );
}
/**
* Displays the fields for the new user account registration form.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @param string $user_name The entered username.
* @param string $user_email The entered email address.
* @param WP_Error|string $errors A WP_Error object containing existing errors. Defaults to empty string.
*/
function show_user_form( $user_name = '', $user_email = '', $errors = '' ) {
if ( ! is_wp_error( $errors ) ) {
$errors = new WP_Error();
}
// Username.
echo '<label for="user_name">' . __( 'Username:' ) . '</label>';
$errmsg_username = $errors->get_error_message( 'user_name' );
$errmsg_username_aria = '';
if ( $errmsg_username ) {
$errmsg_username_aria = 'wp-signup-username-error ';
echo '<p class="error" id="wp-signup-username-error">' . $errmsg_username . '</p>';
}
?>
<input name="user_name" type="text" id="user_name" value="<?php echo esc_attr( $user_name ); ?>" autocapitalize="none" autocorrect="off" maxlength="60" autocomplete="username" required="required" aria-describedby="<?php echo $errmsg_username_aria; ?>wp-signup-username-description" />
<p id="wp-signup-username-description"><?php _e( '(Must be at least 4 characters, lowercase letters and numbers only.)' ); ?></p>
<?php
// Email address.
echo '<label for="user_email">' . __( 'Email Address:' ) . '</label>';
$errmsg_email = $errors->get_error_message( 'user_email' );
$errmsg_email_aria = '';
if ( $errmsg_email ) {
$errmsg_email_aria = 'wp-signup-email-error ';
echo '<p class="error" id="wp-signup-email-error">' . $errmsg_email . '</p>';
}
?>
<input name="user_email" type="email" id="user_email" value="<?php echo esc_attr( $user_email ); ?>" maxlength="200" autocomplete="email" required="required" aria-describedby="<?php echo $errmsg_email_aria; ?>wp-signup-email-description" />
<p id="wp-signup-email-description"><?php _e( 'Your registration email is sent to this address. (Double-check your email address before continuing.)' ); ?></p>
<?php
// Extra fields.
$errmsg_generic = $errors->get_error_message( 'generic' );
if ( $errmsg_generic ) {
echo '<p class="error" id="wp-signup-generic-error">' . $errmsg_generic . '</p>';
}
/**
* Fires at the end of the new user account registration form.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*
* @param WP_Error $errors A WP_Error object containing 'user_name' or 'user_email' errors.
*/
do_action( 'signup_extra_fields', $errors );
}
/**
* Validates user sign-up name and email.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @return array Contains username, email, and error messages.
* See wpmu_validate_user_signup() for details.
*/
function validate_user_form() {
return wpmu_validate_user_signup( $_POST['user_name'], $_POST['user_email'] );
}
/**
* Shows a form for returning users to sign up for another site.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @param string $blogname The new site name
* @param string $blog_title The new site title.
* @param WP_Error|string $errors A WP_Error object containing existing errors. Defaults to empty string.
*/
function signup_another_blog( $blogname = '', $blog_title = '', $errors = '' ) {
$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
if ( ! is_wp_error( $errors ) ) {
$errors = new WP_Error();
}
$signup_defaults = array(
'blogname' => $blogname,
'blog_title' => $blog_title,
'errors' => $errors,
);
/**
* Filters the default site sign-up variables.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*
* @param array $signup_defaults {
* An array of default site sign-up variables.
*
* @type string $blogname The site blogname.
* @type string $blog_title The site title.
* @type WP_Error $errors A WP_Error object possibly containing 'blogname' or 'blog_title' errors.
* }
*/
$filtered_results = apply_filters( 'signup_another_blog_init', $signup_defaults );
$blogname = $filtered_results['blogname'];
$blog_title = $filtered_results['blog_title'];
$errors = $filtered_results['errors'];
/* translators: %s: Network title. */
echo '<h2>' . sprintf( __( 'Get <em>another</em> %s site in seconds' ), get_network()->site_name ) . '</h2>';
if ( $errors->has_errors() ) {
echo '<p>' . __( 'There was a problem, please correct the form below and try again.' ) . '</p>';
}
?>
<p>
<?php
printf(
/* translators: %s: Current user's display name. */
__( 'Welcome back, %s. By filling out the form below, you can <strong>add another site to your account</strong>. There is no limit to the number of sites you can have, so create to your heart’s content, but write responsibly!' ),
$current_user->display_name
);
?>
</p>
<?php
$blogs = get_blogs_of_user( $current_user->ID );
if ( ! empty( $blogs ) ) {
?>
<p><?php _e( 'Sites you are already a member of:' ); ?></p>
<ul>
<?php
foreach ( $blogs as $blog ) {
$home_url = get_home_url( $blog->userblog_id );
echo '<li><a href="' . esc_url( $home_url ) . '">' . $home_url . '</a></li>';
}
?>
</ul>
<?php } ?>
<p><?php _e( 'If you are not going to use a great site domain, leave it for a new user. Now have at it!' ); ?></p>
<form id="setupform" method="post" action="wp-signup.php">
<input type="hidden" name="stage" value="gimmeanotherblog" />
<?php
/**
* Fires when hidden sign-up form fields output when creating another site or user.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @param string $context A string describing the steps of the sign-up process. The value can be
* 'create-another-site', 'validate-user', or 'validate-site'.
*/
do_action( 'signup_hidden_fields', 'create-another-site' );
?>
<?php show_blog_form( $blogname, $blog_title, $errors ); ?>
<p class="submit"><input type="submit" name="submit" class="submit" value="<?php esc_attr_e( 'Create Site' ); ?>" /></p>
</form>
<?php
}
/**
* Validates a new site sign-up for an existing user.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @global string $blogname The new site's subdomain or directory name.
* @global string $blog_title The new site's title.
* @global WP_Error $errors Existing errors in the global scope.
* @global string $domain The new site's domain.
* @global string $path The new site's path.
*
* @return null|bool True if site signup was validated, false on error.
* The function halts all execution if the user is not logged in.
*/
function validate_another_blog_signup() {
global $blogname, $blog_title, $errors, $domain, $path;
$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
if ( ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
die();
}
$result = validate_blog_form();
// Extracted values set/overwrite globals.
$domain = $result['domain'];
$path = $result['path'];
$blogname = $result['blogname'];
$blog_title = $result['blog_title'];
$errors = $result['errors'];
if ( $errors->has_errors() ) {
signup_another_blog( $blogname, $blog_title, $errors );
return false;
}
$public = (int) $_POST['blog_public'];
$blog_meta_defaults = array(
'lang_id' => 1,
'public' => $public,
);
// Handle the language setting for the new site.
if ( ! empty( $_POST['WPLANG'] ) ) {
$languages = signup_get_available_languages();
if ( in_array( $_POST['WPLANG'], $languages, true ) ) {
$language = wp_unslash( sanitize_text_field( $_POST['WPLANG'] ) );
if ( $language ) {
$blog_meta_defaults['WPLANG'] = $language;
}
}
}
/**
* Filters the new site meta variables.
*
* Use the {@see 'add_signup_meta'} filter instead.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
* @deprecated 3.0.0 Use the {@see 'add_signup_meta'} filter instead.
*
* @param array $blog_meta_defaults An array of default blog meta variables.
*/
$meta_defaults = apply_filters_deprecated( 'signup_create_blog_meta', array( $blog_meta_defaults ), '3.0.0', 'add_signup_meta' );
/**
* Filters the new default site meta variables.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*
* @param array $meta {
* An array of default site meta variables.
*
* @type int $lang_id The language ID.
* @type int $blog_public Whether search engines should be discouraged from indexing the site. 1 for true, 0 for false.
* }
*/
$meta = apply_filters( 'add_signup_meta', $meta_defaults );
$blog_id = wpmu_create_blog( $domain, $path, $blog_title, $current_user->ID, $meta, get_current_network_id() );
if ( is_wp_error( $blog_id ) ) {
return false;
}
confirm_another_blog_signup( $domain, $path, $blog_title, $current_user->user_login, $current_user->user_email, $meta, $blog_id );
return true;
}
/**
* Shows a message confirming that the new site has been created.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
* @since 4.4.0 Added the `$blog_id` parameter.
*
* @param string $domain The domain URL.
* @param string $path The site root path.
* @param string $blog_title The site title.
* @param string $user_name The username.
* @param string $user_email The user's email address.
* @param array $meta Any additional meta from the {@see 'add_signup_meta'} filter in validate_blog_signup().
* @param int $blog_id The site ID.
*/
function confirm_another_blog_signup( $domain, $path, $blog_title, $user_name, $user_email = '', $meta = array(), $blog_id = 0 ) {
if ( $blog_id ) {
switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
$home_url = home_url( '/' );
$login_url = wp_login_url();
restore_current_blog();
} else {
$home_url = 'http://' . $domain . $path;
$login_url = 'http://' . $domain . $path . 'wp-login.php';
}
$site = sprintf(
'<a href="%1$s">%2$s</a>',
esc_url( $home_url ),
$blog_title
);
?>
<h2>
<?php
/* translators: %s: Site title. */
printf( __( 'The site %s is yours.' ), $site );
?>
</h2>
<p>
<?php
printf(
/* translators: 1: Link to new site, 2: Login URL, 3: Username. */
__( '%1$s is your new site. <a href="%2$s">Log in</a> as “%3$s” using your existing password.' ),
sprintf(
'<a href="%s">%s</a>',
esc_url( $home_url ),
untrailingslashit( $domain . $path )
),
esc_url( $login_url ),
$user_name
);
?>
</p>
<?php
/**
* Fires when the site or user sign-up process is complete.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*/
do_action( 'signup_finished' );
}
/**
* Shows a form for a visitor to sign up for a new user account.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @global string $active_signup String that returns registration type. The value can be
* 'all', 'none', 'blog', or 'user'.
*
* @param string $user_name The username.
* @param string $user_email The user's email.
* @param WP_Error|string $errors A WP_Error object containing existing errors. Defaults to empty string.
*/
function signup_user( $user_name = '', $user_email = '', $errors = '' ) {
global $active_signup;
if ( ! is_wp_error( $errors ) ) {
$errors = new WP_Error();
}
$signup_for = isset( $_POST['signup_for'] ) ? esc_html( $_POST['signup_for'] ) : 'blog';
$signup_user_defaults = array(
'user_name' => $user_name,
'user_email' => $user_email,
'errors' => $errors,
);
/**
* Filters the default user variables used on the user sign-up form.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*
* @param array $signup_user_defaults {
* An array of default user variables.
*
* @type string $user_name The user username.
* @type string $user_email The user email address.
* @type WP_Error $errors A WP_Error object with possible errors relevant to the sign-up user.
* }
*/
$filtered_results = apply_filters( 'signup_user_init', $signup_user_defaults );
$user_name = $filtered_results['user_name'];
$user_email = $filtered_results['user_email'];
$errors = $filtered_results['errors'];
?>
<h2>
<?php
/* translators: %s: Name of the network. */
printf( __( 'Get your own %s account in seconds' ), get_network()->site_name );
?>
</h2>
<form id="setupform" method="post" action="wp-signup.php" novalidate="novalidate">
<input type="hidden" name="stage" value="validate-user-signup" />
<?php
/** This action is documented in wp-signup.php */
do_action( 'signup_hidden_fields', 'validate-user' );
?>
<?php show_user_form( $user_name, $user_email, $errors ); ?>
<?php if ( 'blog' === $active_signup ) : ?>
<input id="signupblog" type="hidden" name="signup_for" value="blog" />
<?php elseif ( 'user' === $active_signup ) : ?>
<input id="signupblog" type="hidden" name="signup_for" value="user" />
<?php else : ?>
<fieldset class="signup-options">
<legend><?php _e( 'Create a site or only a username:' ); ?></legend>
<p class="wp-signup-radio-buttons">
<span class="wp-signup-radio-button">
<input id="signupblog" type="radio" name="signup_for" value="blog" <?php checked( $signup_for, 'blog' ); ?> />
<label class="checkbox" for="signupblog"><?php _e( 'Gimme a site!' ); ?></label>
</span>
<span class="wp-signup-radio-button">
<input id="signupuser" type="radio" name="signup_for" value="user" <?php checked( $signup_for, 'user' ); ?> />
<label class="checkbox" for="signupuser"><?php _e( 'Just a username, please.' ); ?></label>
</span>
</p>
</fieldset>
<?php endif; ?>
<p class="submit"><input type="submit" name="submit" class="submit" value="<?php esc_attr_e( 'Next' ); ?>" /></p>
</form>
<?php
}
/**
* Validates the new user sign-up.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @return bool True if new user sign-up was validated, false on error.
*/
function validate_user_signup() {
$result = validate_user_form();
$user_name = $result['user_name'];
$user_email = $result['user_email'];
$errors = $result['errors'];
if ( $errors->has_errors() ) {
signup_user( $user_name, $user_email, $errors );
return false;
}
if ( 'blog' === $_POST['signup_for'] ) {
signup_blog( $user_name, $user_email );
return false;
}
/** This filter is documented in wp-signup.php */
wpmu_signup_user( $user_name, $user_email, apply_filters( 'add_signup_meta', array() ) );
confirm_user_signup( $user_name, $user_email );
return true;
}
/**
* Shows a message confirming that the new user has been registered and is awaiting activation.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @param string $user_name The username.
* @param string $user_email The user's email address.
*/
function confirm_user_signup( $user_name, $user_email ) {
?>
<h2>
<?php
/* translators: %s: Username. */
printf( __( '%s is your new username' ), $user_name )
?>
</h2>
<p><?php _e( 'But, before you can start using your new username, <strong>you must activate it</strong>.' ); ?></p>
<p>
<?php
/* translators: %s: The user email address. */
printf( __( 'Check your inbox at %s and click on the given link.' ), '<strong>' . $user_email . '</strong>' );
?>
</p>
<p><?php _e( 'If you do not activate your username within two days, you will have to sign up again.' ); ?></p>
<?php
/** This action is documented in wp-signup.php */
do_action( 'signup_finished' );
}
/**
* Shows a form for a user or visitor to sign up for a new site.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @param string $user_name The username.
* @param string $user_email The user's email address.
* @param string $blogname The site name.
* @param string $blog_title The site title.
* @param WP_Error|string $errors A WP_Error object containing existing errors. Defaults to empty string.
*/
function signup_blog( $user_name = '', $user_email = '', $blogname = '', $blog_title = '', $errors = '' ) {
if ( ! is_wp_error( $errors ) ) {
$errors = new WP_Error();
}
$signup_blog_defaults = array(
'user_name' => $user_name,
'user_email' => $user_email,
'blogname' => $blogname,
'blog_title' => $blog_title,
'errors' => $errors,
);
/**
* Filters the default site creation variables for the site sign-up form.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*
* @param array $signup_blog_defaults {
* An array of default site creation variables.
*
* @type string $user_name The user username.
* @type string $user_email The user email address.
* @type string $blogname The blogname.
* @type string $blog_title The title of the site.
* @type WP_Error $errors A WP_Error object with possible errors relevant to new site creation variables.
* }
*/
$filtered_results = apply_filters( 'signup_blog_init', $signup_blog_defaults );
$user_name = $filtered_results['user_name'];
$user_email = $filtered_results['user_email'];
$blogname = $filtered_results['blogname'];
$blog_title = $filtered_results['blog_title'];
$errors = $filtered_results['errors'];
if ( empty( $blogname ) ) {
$blogname = $user_name;
}
?>
<form id="setupform" method="post" action="wp-signup.php">
<input type="hidden" name="stage" value="validate-blog-signup" />
<input type="hidden" name="user_name" value="<?php echo esc_attr( $user_name ); ?>" />
<input type="hidden" name="user_email" value="<?php echo esc_attr( $user_email ); ?>" />
<?php
/** This action is documented in wp-signup.php */
do_action( 'signup_hidden_fields', 'validate-site' );
?>
<?php show_blog_form( $blogname, $blog_title, $errors ); ?>
<p class="submit"><input type="submit" name="submit" class="submit" value="<?php esc_attr_e( 'Sign up' ); ?>" /></p>
</form>
<?php
}
/**
* Validates new site signup.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @return bool True if the site sign-up was validated, false on error.
*/
function validate_blog_signup() {
// Re-validate user info.
$user_result = wpmu_validate_user_signup( $_POST['user_name'], $_POST['user_email'] );
$user_name = $user_result['user_name'];
$user_email = $user_result['user_email'];
$user_errors = $user_result['errors'];
if ( $user_errors->has_errors() ) {
signup_user( $user_name, $user_email, $user_errors );
return false;
}
$result = wpmu_validate_blog_signup( $_POST['blogname'], $_POST['blog_title'] );
$domain = $result['domain'];
$path = $result['path'];
$blogname = $result['blogname'];
$blog_title = $result['blog_title'];
$errors = $result['errors'];
if ( $errors->has_errors() ) {
signup_blog( $user_name, $user_email, $blogname, $blog_title, $errors );
return false;
}
$public = (int) $_POST['blog_public'];
$signup_meta = array(
'lang_id' => 1,
'public' => $public,
);
// Handle the language setting for the new site.
if ( ! empty( $_POST['WPLANG'] ) ) {
$languages = signup_get_available_languages();
if ( in_array( $_POST['WPLANG'], $languages, true ) ) {
$language = wp_unslash( sanitize_text_field( $_POST['WPLANG'] ) );
if ( $language ) {
$signup_meta['WPLANG'] = $language;
}
}
}
/** This filter is documented in wp-signup.php */
$meta = apply_filters( 'add_signup_meta', $signup_meta );
wpmu_signup_blog( $domain, $path, $blog_title, $user_name, $user_email, $meta );
confirm_blog_signup( $domain, $path, $blog_title, $user_name, $user_email, $meta );
return true;
}
/**
* Shows a message confirming that the new site has been registered and is awaiting activation.
*
* @since MU (3.0.0)
*
* @param string $domain The domain or subdomain of the site.
* @param string $path The path of the site.
* @param string $blog_title The title of the new site.
* @param string $user_name The user's username.
* @param string $user_email The user's email address.
* @param array $meta Any additional meta from the {@see 'add_signup_meta'} filter in validate_blog_signup().
*/
function confirm_blog_signup( $domain, $path, $blog_title, $user_name = '', $user_email = '', $meta = array() ) {
?>
<h2>
<?php
/* translators: %s: Site address. */
printf( __( 'Congratulations! Your new site, %s, is almost ready.' ), "<a href='http://{$domain}{$path}'>{$blog_title}</a>" )
?>
</h2>
<p><?php _e( 'But, before you can start using your site, <strong>you must activate it</strong>.' ); ?></p>
<p>
<?php
/* translators: %s: The user email address. */
printf( __( 'Check your inbox at %s and click on the given link.' ), '<strong>' . $user_email . '</strong>' );
?>
</p>
<p><?php _e( 'If you do not activate your site within two days, you will have to sign up again.' ); ?></p>
<h2><?php _e( 'Still waiting for your email?' ); ?></h2>
<p><?php _e( 'If you have not received your email yet, there are a number of things you can do:' ); ?></p>
<ul id="noemail-tips">
<li><p><strong><?php _e( 'Wait a little longer. Sometimes delivery of email can be delayed by processes outside of our control.' ); ?></strong></p></li>
<li><p><?php _e( 'Check the junk or spam folder of your email client. Sometime emails wind up there by mistake.' ); ?></p></li>
<li>
<?php
/* translators: %s: Email address. */
printf( __( 'Have you entered your email correctly? You have entered %s, if it’s incorrect, you will not receive your email.' ), $user_email );
?>
</li>
</ul>
<?php
/** This action is documented in wp-signup.php */
do_action( 'signup_finished' );
}
/**
* Retrieves languages available during the site/user sign-up process.
*
* @since 4.4.0
*
* @see get_available_languages()
*
* @return string[] Array of available language codes. Language codes are formed by
* stripping the .mo extension from the language file names.
*/
function signup_get_available_languages() {
/**
* Filters the list of available languages for front-end site sign-ups.
*
* Passing an empty array to this hook will disable output of the setting on the
* sign-up form, and the default language will be used when creating the site.
*
* Languages not already installed will be stripped.
*
* @since 4.4.0
*
* @param string[] $languages Array of available language codes. Language codes are formed by
* stripping the .mo extension from the language file names.
*/
$languages = (array) apply_filters( 'signup_get_available_languages', get_available_languages() );
/*
* Strip any non-installed languages and return.
*
* Re-call get_available_languages() here in case a language pack was installed
* in a callback hooked to the 'signup_get_available_languages' filter before this point.
*/
return array_intersect_assoc( $languages, get_available_languages() );
}
// Main.
$active_signup = get_site_option( 'registration', 'none' );
/**
* Filters the type of site sign-up.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*
* @param string $active_signup String that returns registration type. The value can be
* 'all', 'none', 'blog', or 'user'.
*/
$active_signup = apply_filters( 'wpmu_active_signup', $active_signup );
if ( current_user_can( 'manage_network' ) ) {
echo '<div class="mu_alert">';
_e( 'Greetings Network Administrator!' );
echo ' ';
switch ( $active_signup ) {
case 'none':
_e( 'The network currently disallows registrations.' );
break;
case 'blog':
_e( 'The network currently allows site registrations.' );
break;
case 'user':
_e( 'The network currently allows user registrations.' );
break;
default:
_e( 'The network currently allows both site and user registrations.' );
break;
}
echo ' ';
/* translators: %s: URL to Network Settings screen. */
printf( __( 'To change or disable registration go to your <a href="%s">Options page</a>.' ), esc_url( network_admin_url( 'settings.php' ) ) );
echo '</div>';
}
$newblogname = isset( $_GET['new'] ) ? strtolower( preg_replace( '/^-|-$|[^-a-zA-Z0-9]/', '', $_GET['new'] ) ) : null;
$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
if ( 'none' === $active_signup ) {
_e( 'Registration has been disabled.' );
} elseif ( 'blog' === $active_signup && ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
$login_url = wp_login_url( network_site_url( 'wp-signup.php' ) );
/* translators: %s: Login URL. */
printf( __( 'You must first <a href="%s">log in</a>, and then you can create a new site.' ), $login_url );
} else {
$stage = isset( $_POST['stage'] ) ? $_POST['stage'] : 'default';
switch ( $stage ) {
case 'validate-user-signup':
if ( 'all' === $active_signup
|| ( 'blog' === $_POST['signup_for'] && 'blog' === $active_signup )
|| ( 'user' === $_POST['signup_for'] && 'user' === $active_signup )
) {
validate_user_signup();
} else {
_e( 'User registration has been disabled.' );
}
break;
case 'validate-blog-signup':
if ( 'all' === $active_signup || 'blog' === $active_signup ) {
validate_blog_signup();
} else {
_e( 'Site registration has been disabled.' );
}
break;
case 'gimmeanotherblog':
validate_another_blog_signup();
break;
case 'default':
default:
$user_email = isset( $_POST['user_email'] ) ? $_POST['user_email'] : '';
/**
* Fires when the site sign-up form is sent.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*/
do_action( 'preprocess_signup_form' );
if ( is_user_logged_in() && ( 'all' === $active_signup || 'blog' === $active_signup ) ) {
signup_another_blog( $newblogname );
} elseif ( ! is_user_logged_in() && ( 'all' === $active_signup || 'user' === $active_signup ) ) {
signup_user( $newblogname, $user_email );
} elseif ( ! is_user_logged_in() && ( 'blog' === $active_signup ) ) {
_e( 'Sorry, new registrations are not allowed at this time.' );
} else {
_e( 'You are logged in already. No need to register again!' );
}
if ( $newblogname ) {
$newblog = get_blogaddress_by_name( $newblogname );
if ( 'blog' === $active_signup || 'all' === $active_signup ) {
printf(
/* translators: %s: Site address. */
'<p>' . __( 'The site you were looking for, %s, does not exist, but you can create it now!' ) . '</p>',
'<strong>' . $newblog . '</strong>'
);
} else {
printf(
/* translators: %s: Site address. */
'<p>' . __( 'The site you were looking for, %s, does not exist.' ) . '</p>',
'<strong>' . $newblog . '</strong>'
);
}
}
break;
}
}
?>
</div>
</div>
<?php
/**
* Fires after the sign-up forms, before wp_footer.
*
* @since 3.0.0
*/
do_action( 'after_signup_form' );
?>
<?php
get_footer( 'wp-signup' );
