Built-to-Rent (BTR) single-family homes are attractive to home builders and developers for multiple reasons. With strong, growing consumer preference from quality tenants, BTR homes are a proven type of investment, offering steady, predictable income. It can be a diversification strategy to offset the ups and downs new construction market. Homes Built-to-Rent, as opposed to sell, can offer significant construction savings. And BTR offers numerous options when it comes time to sell.

Consumer Demand

PEW Research reported that 65% of households headed by people younger than 35 were renting, as were 41% of households headed by someone ages 35-44. Looking at the U.S. population, the greatest growth in the next several years will be people currently in their 20s and 30s (highlighted below.)

Build to Rent List 1

Over the next several years, as people now 20 – 40 years old age and have children, the single-family housing option will increasingly be in demand.

Exiting the Great Recession, many builders turned to building larger, more expensive homes due to increased costs for everything, leaving even fewer “affordable” new home options. BTR is one way of addressing the demand for new single-family homes at a monthly payment more households qualify for.

The added space found in three- and four-bedroom single-family houses, rare in the multifamily arena, better suits the needs of growing households. At the same time, as their careers and incomes blossom, these renters are becoming more financially stable and reliable tenants. As compared to multifamily, there’s also less turnover in single-family rentals.

A Solid Investment

Build to Rent List 1

Like single-family home buyers, renters are willing to pay a premium for new construction, especially homes with today’s in-demand design and amenities. Since brand-new homes will have minimal maintenance and repair issues for several years (outside of what would be typically covered under the new home first-year warranty), such expenses will be low. And those BTR first-year warranty costs will likely be less, as compared to the warranty expectations of home buyers. 

A scant decade ago, home builders who survived the housing market downturn were just starting to see would-be buyers again. A BTR portfolio of homes may provide the regular income stream needed to help weather the next new home construction downturn. Such a diversification strategy, moving into an adjacent market space as opposed to something entirely different, allows the BTR home builder to capitalize on existing systems, resources, personnel, and know-how.

Single-family BTR homes can start producing income as each home is completed, as compared to multifamily’s longer construction timeframes before realizing revenues. Another strategy, kicking off a brand-new community by selling and then constructing BTR homes to an investor, can generate the needed capital for further development.

Cost Advantages

Build to Rent List 2

Build-to-Rent can offer numerous, significant savings over for-sale homes.  Home design costs can be spread among a greater number of homes. Value-engineering can maximize efficiency, while repetitive builds minimize the added costs and potential construction delays for products such as roof trusses. Timely product selections based upon ready availability can eliminate costly setbacks, while buying larger quantities of materials may result in added savings.

Not dealing directly with custom home buyers can shorten building timeframes and allow builders to focus on construction, without interruption. Expensive change orders are mostly eliminated, as is the manpower consumed in pricing the changes. Though at the time this is being written the new home market is red-hot, a return to more typical market conditions brings the financial risks associated with speculative construction.

Future Flexibility

Build to Rent List 3

While contracting upfront to Build-to-Rent for investors is one approach, holding a BTR home portfolio produces recurring revenues. Then, when the time is right, the homes can be sold.  Perhaps the existing renter would be interested in purchasing that home. Small investors might want to add a modest number of homes in one community to their rental holdings. Larger investors might be interested in acquiring the entire neighborhood. Regardless of their size, most investors favor newer homes requiring less upkeep, than older homes that may need to be renovated.

Build-to-Rent has become a part of the new construction landscape. The growing preference for renting rather than buying and the opportunity to live in a new single-family home are driving demand. Construction efficiencies coupled with reduced headaches streamline production. Recurring revenues with minimal unexpected expenses create an attractive income stream, and an appreciating asset attractive to numerous buyers makes for a wise investment. Still, the math has to work, beginning with the product to be built. And that starts with homes people aspire to live in. We conclude this series looking at:

Anatomy of a Successful BTR Home Design

As described previously, the sweet spot for single-family BTR houses tends to be three- and four-bedroom homes that are 45-feet-wide or narrower, around 2,000 square feet or less. Here we’ll examine one such design, plan 29318 the Herndon.

Attractive and value-engineered, the Herndon can be built with three bedrooms (1,840 square feet) or four bedrooms at 2,055 square feet, meeting two sets of buyers with one plan. The slab foundation is standard, while both crawl space and basement foundations are optional.  The home’s 36-foot overall width and 46-foot depth fit well on more modest homesites, while the simple foundation saves money.

8538 Comp Rendering
8538 Comp Rendering

With minimal roofline changes, this home can be built with a fourth bedroom.

Make no mistake, home buyers equate 8-foot main level ceiling heights with older homes. Under a 9-foot ceiling, this design’s openness further contributes to a sense of spaciousness on the main floor. The extra-deep kitchen pantry draws applause, and carrying groceries in is quick and direct. Note that you don’t walk through the laundry carrying in those groceries (another “dated” design element.) Rather, there’s the drop zone seat and coat closet in this rear foyer. The powder bath location provides privacy.  And the flex room checks off the box for working from home.

Second-floor accommodations of this design are equally enticing to renters.  Secondary bedrooms are served by a compartmented bathroom which can de-stress the morning rush of trying to get everyone out the door on time. Having the laundry room upstairs eliminates long treks up and down the stairs with an overstuffed laundry basket. A cathedral ceiling in the Owner’s Suite is an unexpected WOW factor, as is the large walk-in closet. The appreciation for the importance of storage is also evident in the bathroom’s 5-foot linen closet. Yes, that linen closet could be omitted in favor of a bathtub. Building the fourth bedroom adds the potential of a second walk-in closet for the Suite, or a private Sanctuary Space/Peloton area.

Herndon First Floor
Herndon Second Floor

For more resources on thoughtful design:

Photo: <a href='https://www.freepik.com/photos/people'>People photo created by yanalya - www.freepik.com</a>

Current Dir: /var/www/designbasics/wp-admin/

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Viewing: /var/www/designbasics/wp-admin/plugins.php

<?php
/**
 * Plugins administration panel.
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Administration
 */

/** WordPress Administration Bootstrap */
require_once __DIR__ . '/admin.php';

if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) ) {
	wp_die( __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to manage plugins for this site.' ) );
}

$wp_list_table = _get_list_table( 'WP_Plugins_List_Table' );
$pagenum       = $wp_list_table->get_pagenum();

$action = $wp_list_table->current_action();

$plugin = isset( $_REQUEST['plugin'] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['plugin'] ) : '';
$s      = isset( $_REQUEST['s'] ) ? urlencode( wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['s'] ) ) : '';

// Clean up request URI from temporary args for screen options/paging uri's to work as expected.
$query_args_to_remove = array(
	'error',
	'deleted',
	'activate',
	'activate-multi',
	'deactivate',
	'deactivate-multi',
	'enabled-auto-update',
	'disabled-auto-update',
	'enabled-auto-update-multi',
	'disabled-auto-update-multi',
	'_error_nonce',
);

$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] = remove_query_arg( $query_args_to_remove, $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] );

wp_enqueue_script( 'updates' );

WP_Plugin_Dependencies::initialize();

if ( $action ) {

	switch ( $action ) {
		case 'activate':
			if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugin', $plugin ) ) {
				wp_die( __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to activate this plugin.' ) );
			}

			if ( is_multisite() && ! is_network_admin() && is_network_only_plugin( $plugin ) ) {
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
				exit;
			}

			check_admin_referer( 'activate-plugin_' . $plugin );

			$result = activate_plugin( $plugin, self_admin_url( 'plugins.php?error=true&plugin=' . urlencode( $plugin ) ), is_network_admin() );
			if ( is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
				if ( 'unexpected_output' === $result->get_error_code() ) {
					$redirect = self_admin_url( 'plugins.php?error=true&charsout=' . strlen( $result->get_error_data() ) . '&plugin=' . urlencode( $plugin ) . "&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" );
					wp_redirect( add_query_arg( '_error_nonce', wp_create_nonce( 'plugin-activation-error_' . $plugin ), $redirect ) );
					exit;
				} else {
					wp_die( $result );
				}
			}

			if ( ! is_network_admin() ) {
				$recent = (array) get_option( 'recently_activated' );
				unset( $recent[ $plugin ] );
				update_option( 'recently_activated', $recent );
			} else {
				$recent = (array) get_site_option( 'recently_activated' );
				unset( $recent[ $plugin ] );
				update_site_option( 'recently_activated', $recent );
			}

			if ( isset( $_GET['from'] ) && 'import' === $_GET['from'] ) {
				// Overrides the ?error=true one above and redirects to the Imports page, stripping the -importer suffix.
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( 'import.php?import=' . str_replace( '-importer', '', dirname( $plugin ) ) ) );
			} elseif ( isset( $_GET['from'] ) && 'press-this' === $_GET['from'] ) {
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( 'press-this.php' ) );
			} else {
				// Overrides the ?error=true one above.
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?activate=true&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
			}
			exit;

		case 'activate-selected':
			if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) ) {
				wp_die( __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to activate plugins for this site.' ) );
			}

			check_admin_referer( 'bulk-plugins' );

			$plugins = isset( $_POST['checked'] ) ? (array) wp_unslash( $_POST['checked'] ) : array();

			if ( is_network_admin() ) {
				foreach ( $plugins as $i => $plugin ) {
					// Only activate plugins which are not already network activated.
					if ( is_plugin_active_for_network( $plugin ) ) {
						unset( $plugins[ $i ] );
					}
				}
			} else {
				foreach ( $plugins as $i => $plugin ) {
					// Only activate plugins which are not already active and are not network-only when on Multisite.
					if ( is_plugin_active( $plugin ) || ( is_multisite() && is_network_only_plugin( $plugin ) ) ) {
						unset( $plugins[ $i ] );
					}
					// Only activate plugins which the user can activate.
					if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugin', $plugin ) ) {
						unset( $plugins[ $i ] );
					}
				}
			}

			if ( empty( $plugins ) ) {
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
				exit;
			}

			activate_plugins( $plugins, self_admin_url( 'plugins.php?error=true' ), is_network_admin() );

			if ( ! is_network_admin() ) {
				$recent = (array) get_option( 'recently_activated' );
			} else {
				$recent = (array) get_site_option( 'recently_activated' );
			}

			foreach ( $plugins as $plugin ) {
				unset( $recent[ $plugin ] );
			}

			if ( ! is_network_admin() ) {
				update_option( 'recently_activated', $recent );
			} else {
				update_site_option( 'recently_activated', $recent );
			}

			wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?activate-multi=true&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
			exit;

		case 'update-selected':
			check_admin_referer( 'bulk-plugins' );

			if ( isset( $_GET['plugins'] ) ) {
				$plugins = explode( ',', wp_unslash( $_GET['plugins'] ) );
			} elseif ( isset( $_POST['checked'] ) ) {
				$plugins = (array) wp_unslash( $_POST['checked'] );
			} else {
				$plugins = array();
			}

			// Used in the HTML title tag.
			$title       = __( 'Update Plugins' );
			$parent_file = 'plugins.php';

			wp_enqueue_script( 'updates' );
			require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-header.php';

			echo '<div class="wrap">';
			echo '<h1>' . esc_html( $title ) . '</h1>';

			$url = self_admin_url( 'update.php?action=update-selected&amp;plugins=' . urlencode( implode( ',', $plugins ) ) );
			$url = wp_nonce_url( $url, 'bulk-update-plugins' );

			echo "<iframe src='$url' style='width: 100%; height:100%; min-height:850px;'></iframe>";
			echo '</div>';
			require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-footer.php';
			exit;

		case 'error_scrape':
			if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugin', $plugin ) ) {
				wp_die( __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to activate this plugin.' ) );
			}

			check_admin_referer( 'plugin-activation-error_' . $plugin );

			$valid = validate_plugin( $plugin );
			if ( is_wp_error( $valid ) ) {
				wp_die( $valid );
			}

			if ( ! WP_DEBUG ) {
				error_reporting( E_CORE_ERROR | E_CORE_WARNING | E_COMPILE_ERROR | E_ERROR | E_WARNING | E_PARSE | E_USER_ERROR | E_USER_WARNING | E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR );
			}

			ini_set( 'display_errors', true ); // Ensure that fatal errors are displayed.
			// Go back to "sandbox" scope so we get the same errors as before.
			plugin_sandbox_scrape( $plugin );
			/** This action is documented in wp-admin/includes/plugin.php */
			do_action( "activate_{$plugin}" );
			exit;

		case 'deactivate':
			if ( ! current_user_can( 'deactivate_plugin', $plugin ) ) {
				wp_die( __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to deactivate this plugin.' ) );
			}

			check_admin_referer( 'deactivate-plugin_' . $plugin );

			if ( ! is_network_admin() && is_plugin_active_for_network( $plugin ) ) {
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
				exit;
			}

			deactivate_plugins( $plugin, false, is_network_admin() );

			if ( ! is_network_admin() ) {
				update_option( 'recently_activated', array( $plugin => time() ) + (array) get_option( 'recently_activated' ) );
			} else {
				update_site_option( 'recently_activated', array( $plugin => time() ) + (array) get_site_option( 'recently_activated' ) );
			}

			if ( headers_sent() ) {
				echo "<meta http-equiv='refresh' content='" . esc_attr( "0;url=plugins.php?deactivate=true&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) . "' />";
			} else {
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?deactivate=true&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
			}
			exit;

		case 'deactivate-selected':
			if ( ! current_user_can( 'deactivate_plugins' ) ) {
				wp_die( __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to deactivate plugins for this site.' ) );
			}

			check_admin_referer( 'bulk-plugins' );

			$plugins = isset( $_POST['checked'] ) ? (array) wp_unslash( $_POST['checked'] ) : array();
			// Do not deactivate plugins which are already deactivated.
			if ( is_network_admin() ) {
				$plugins = array_filter( $plugins, 'is_plugin_active_for_network' );
			} else {
				$plugins = array_filter( $plugins, 'is_plugin_active' );
				$plugins = array_diff( $plugins, array_filter( $plugins, 'is_plugin_active_for_network' ) );

				foreach ( $plugins as $i => $plugin ) {
					// Only deactivate plugins which the user can deactivate.
					if ( ! current_user_can( 'deactivate_plugin', $plugin ) ) {
						unset( $plugins[ $i ] );
					}
				}
			}
			if ( empty( $plugins ) ) {
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
				exit;
			}

			deactivate_plugins( $plugins, false, is_network_admin() );

			$deactivated = array();
			foreach ( $plugins as $plugin ) {
				$deactivated[ $plugin ] = time();
			}

			if ( ! is_network_admin() ) {
				update_option( 'recently_activated', $deactivated + (array) get_option( 'recently_activated' ) );
			} else {
				update_site_option( 'recently_activated', $deactivated + (array) get_site_option( 'recently_activated' ) );
			}

			wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?deactivate-multi=true&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
			exit;

		case 'delete-selected':
			if ( ! current_user_can( 'delete_plugins' ) ) {
				wp_die( __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to delete plugins for this site.' ) );
			}

			check_admin_referer( 'bulk-plugins' );

			// $_POST = from the plugin form; $_GET = from the FTP details screen.
			$plugins = isset( $_REQUEST['checked'] ) ? (array) wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['checked'] ) : array();
			if ( empty( $plugins ) ) {
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
				exit;
			}

			$plugins = array_filter( $plugins, 'is_plugin_inactive' ); // Do not allow to delete activated plugins.
			if ( empty( $plugins ) ) {
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?error=true&main=true&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
				exit;
			}

			// Bail on all if any paths are invalid.
			// validate_file() returns truthy for invalid files.
			$invalid_plugin_files = array_filter( $plugins, 'validate_file' );
			if ( $invalid_plugin_files ) {
				wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
				exit;
			}

			require ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/update.php';

			$parent_file = 'plugins.php';

			if ( ! isset( $_REQUEST['verify-delete'] ) ) {
				wp_enqueue_script( 'jquery' );
				require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-header.php';

				?>
				<div class="wrap">
				<?php

				$plugin_info              = array();
				$have_non_network_plugins = false;

				foreach ( (array) $plugins as $plugin ) {
					$plugin_slug = dirname( $plugin );

					if ( '.' === $plugin_slug ) {
						$data = get_plugin_data( WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $plugin );
						if ( $data ) {
							$plugin_info[ $plugin ]                     = $data;
							$plugin_info[ $plugin ]['is_uninstallable'] = is_uninstallable_plugin( $plugin );
							if ( ! $plugin_info[ $plugin ]['Network'] ) {
								$have_non_network_plugins = true;
							}
						}
					} else {
						// Get plugins list from that folder.
						$folder_plugins = get_plugins( '/' . $plugin_slug );
						if ( $folder_plugins ) {
							foreach ( $folder_plugins as $plugin_file => $data ) {
								$plugin_info[ $plugin_file ]                     = _get_plugin_data_markup_translate( $plugin_file, $data );
								$plugin_info[ $plugin_file ]['is_uninstallable'] = is_uninstallable_plugin( $plugin );
								if ( ! $plugin_info[ $plugin_file ]['Network'] ) {
									$have_non_network_plugins = true;
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}

				$plugins_to_delete = count( $plugin_info );

				?>
				<?php if ( 1 === $plugins_to_delete ) : ?>
					<h1><?php _e( 'Delete Plugin' ); ?></h1>
					<?php
					if ( $have_non_network_plugins && is_network_admin() ) :
						$maybe_active_plugin = '<strong>' . __( 'Caution:' ) . '</strong> ' . __( 'This plugin may be active on other sites in the network.' );
						wp_admin_notice(
							$maybe_active_plugin,
							array(
								'additional_classes' => array( 'error' ),
							)
						);
					endif;
					?>
					<p><?php _e( 'You are about to remove the following plugin:' ); ?></p>
				<?php else : ?>
					<h1><?php _e( 'Delete Plugins' ); ?></h1>
					<?php
					if ( $have_non_network_plugins && is_network_admin() ) :
						$maybe_active_plugins = '<strong>' . __( 'Caution:' ) . '</strong> ' . __( 'These plugins may be active on other sites in the network.' );
						wp_admin_notice(
							$maybe_active_plugins,
							array(
								'additional_classes' => array( 'error' ),
							)
						);
					endif;
					?>
					<p><?php _e( 'You are about to remove the following plugins:' ); ?></p>
				<?php endif; ?>
					<ul class="ul-disc">
						<?php

						$data_to_delete = false;

						foreach ( $plugin_info as $plugin ) {
							if ( $plugin['is_uninstallable'] ) {
								/* translators: 1: Plugin name, 2: Plugin author. */
								echo '<li>', sprintf( __( '%1$s by %2$s (will also <strong>delete its data</strong>)' ), '<strong>' . $plugin['Name'] . '</strong>', '<em>' . $plugin['AuthorName'] . '</em>' ), '</li>';
								$data_to_delete = true;
							} else {
								/* translators: 1: Plugin name, 2: Plugin author. */
								echo '<li>', sprintf( _x( '%1$s by %2$s', 'plugin' ), '<strong>' . $plugin['Name'] . '</strong>', '<em>' . $plugin['AuthorName'] ) . '</em>', '</li>';
							}
						}

						?>
					</ul>
				<p>
				<?php

				if ( $data_to_delete ) {
					_e( 'Are you sure you want to delete these files and data?' );
				} else {
					_e( 'Are you sure you want to delete these files?' );
				}

				?>
				</p>
				<form method="post" action="<?php echo esc_url( $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] ); ?>" style="display:inline;">
					<input type="hidden" name="verify-delete" value="1" />
					<input type="hidden" name="action" value="delete-selected" />
					<?php

					foreach ( (array) $plugins as $plugin ) {
						echo '<input type="hidden" name="checked[]" value="' . esc_attr( $plugin ) . '" />';
					}

					?>
					<?php wp_nonce_field( 'bulk-plugins' ); ?>
					<?php submit_button( $data_to_delete ? __( 'Yes, delete these files and data' ) : __( 'Yes, delete these files' ), '', 'submit', false ); ?>
				</form>
				<?php

				$referer = wp_get_referer();

				?>
				<form method="post" action="<?php echo $referer ? esc_url( $referer ) : ''; ?>" style="display:inline;">
					<?php submit_button( __( 'No, return me to the plugin list' ), '', 'submit', false ); ?>
				</form>
				</div>
				<?php

				require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-footer.php';
				exit;
			} else {
				$plugins_to_delete = count( $plugins );
			} // End if verify-delete.

			$delete_result = delete_plugins( $plugins );

			// Store the result in an option rather than a URL param due to object type & length.
			// Cannot use transient/cache, as that could get flushed if any plugin flushes data on uninstall/delete.
			update_option( 'plugins_delete_result_' . $user_ID, $delete_result, false );
			wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?deleted=$plugins_to_delete&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
			exit;
		case 'clear-recent-list':
			if ( ! is_network_admin() ) {
				update_option( 'recently_activated', array() );
			} else {
				update_site_option( 'recently_activated', array() );
			}

			break;
		case 'resume':
			if ( is_multisite() ) {
				return;
			}

			if ( ! current_user_can( 'resume_plugin', $plugin ) ) {
				wp_die( __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to resume this plugin.' ) );
			}

			check_admin_referer( 'resume-plugin_' . $plugin );

			$result = resume_plugin( $plugin, self_admin_url( "plugins.php?error=resuming&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );

			if ( is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
				wp_die( $result );
			}

			wp_redirect( self_admin_url( "plugins.php?resume=true&plugin_status=$status&paged=$page&s=$s" ) );
			exit;
		case 'enable-auto-update':
		case 'disable-auto-update':
		case 'enable-auto-update-selected':
		case 'disable-auto-update-selected':
			if ( ! current_user_can( 'update_plugins' ) || ! wp_is_auto_update_enabled_for_type( 'plugin' ) ) {
				wp_die( __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to manage plugins automatic updates.' ) );
			}

			if ( is_multisite() && ! is_network_admin() ) {
				wp_die( __( 'Please connect to your network admin to manage plugins automatic updates.' ) );
			}

			$redirect = self_admin_url( "plugins.php?plugin_status={$status}&paged={$page}&s={$s}" );

			if ( 'enable-auto-update' === $action || 'disable-auto-update' === $action ) {
				if ( empty( $plugin ) ) {
					wp_redirect( $redirect );
					exit;
				}

				check_admin_referer( 'updates' );
			} else {
				if ( empty( $_POST['checked'] ) ) {
					wp_redirect( $redirect );
					exit;
				}

				check_admin_referer( 'bulk-plugins' );
			}

			$auto_updates = (array) get_site_option( 'auto_update_plugins', array() );

			if ( 'enable-auto-update' === $action ) {
				$auto_updates[] = $plugin;
				$auto_updates   = array_unique( $auto_updates );
				$redirect       = add_query_arg( array( 'enabled-auto-update' => 'true' ), $redirect );
			} elseif ( 'disable-auto-update' === $action ) {
				$auto_updates = array_diff( $auto_updates, array( $plugin ) );
				$redirect     = add_query_arg( array( 'disabled-auto-update' => 'true' ), $redirect );
			} else {
				$plugins = (array) wp_unslash( $_POST['checked'] );

				if ( 'enable-auto-update-selected' === $action ) {
					$new_auto_updates = array_merge( $auto_updates, $plugins );
					$new_auto_updates = array_unique( $new_auto_updates );
					$query_args       = array( 'enabled-auto-update-multi' => 'true' );
				} else {
					$new_auto_updates = array_diff( $auto_updates, $plugins );
					$query_args       = array( 'disabled-auto-update-multi' => 'true' );
				}

				// Return early if all selected plugins already have auto-updates enabled or disabled.
				// Must use non-strict comparison, so that array order is not treated as significant.
				if ( $new_auto_updates == $auto_updates ) { // phpcs:ignore Universal.Operators.StrictComparisons.LooseEqual
					wp_redirect( $redirect );
					exit;
				}

				$auto_updates = $new_auto_updates;
				$redirect     = add_query_arg( $query_args, $redirect );
			}

			/** This filter is documented in wp-admin/includes/class-wp-plugins-list-table.php */
			$all_items = apply_filters( 'all_plugins', get_plugins() );

			// Remove plugins that don't exist or have been deleted since the option was last updated.
			$auto_updates = array_intersect( $auto_updates, array_keys( $all_items ) );

			update_site_option( 'auto_update_plugins', $auto_updates );

			wp_redirect( $redirect );
			exit;
		default:
			if ( isset( $_POST['checked'] ) ) {
				check_admin_referer( 'bulk-plugins' );

				$screen   = get_current_screen()->id;
				$sendback = wp_get_referer();
				$plugins  = isset( $_POST['checked'] ) ? (array) wp_unslash( $_POST['checked'] ) : array();

				/** This action is documented in wp-admin/edit.php */
				$sendback = apply_filters( "handle_bulk_actions-{$screen}", $sendback, $action, $plugins ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.NamingConventions.ValidHookName.UseUnderscores
				wp_safe_redirect( $sendback );
				exit;
			}
			break;
	}
}

$wp_list_table->prepare_items();

wp_enqueue_script( 'plugin-install' );
add_thickbox();

add_screen_option( 'per_page', array( 'default' => 999 ) );

get_current_screen()->add_help_tab(
	array(
		'id'      => 'overview',
		'title'   => __( 'Overview' ),
		'content' =>
				'<p>' . __( 'Plugins extend and expand the functionality of WordPress. Once a plugin is installed, you may activate it or deactivate it here.' ) . '</p>' .
				'<p>' . __( 'The search for installed plugins will search for terms in their name, description, or author.' ) . ' <span id="live-search-desc" class="hide-if-no-js">' . __( 'The search results will be updated as you type.' ) . '</span></p>' .
				'<p>' . sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: WordPress Plugin Directory URL. */
					__( 'If you would like to see more plugins to choose from, click on the &#8220;Add New Plugin&#8221; button and you will be able to browse or search for additional plugins from the <a href="%s">WordPress Plugin Directory</a>. Plugins in the WordPress Plugin Directory are designed and developed by third parties, and are compatible with the license WordPress uses. Oh, and they&#8217;re free!' ),
					__( 'https://wordpress.org/plugins/' )
				) . '</p>',
	)
);
get_current_screen()->add_help_tab(
	array(
		'id'      => 'compatibility-problems',
		'title'   => __( 'Troubleshooting' ),
		'content' =>
				'<p>' . __( 'Most of the time, plugins play nicely with the core of WordPress and with other plugins. Sometimes, though, a plugin&#8217;s code will get in the way of another plugin, causing compatibility issues. If your site starts doing strange things, this may be the problem. Try deactivating all your plugins and re-activating them in various combinations until you isolate which one(s) caused the issue.' ) . '</p>' .
				'<p>' . sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: WP_PLUGIN_DIR constant value. */
					__( 'If something goes wrong with a plugin and you cannot use WordPress, delete or rename that file in the %s directory and it will be automatically deactivated.' ),
					'<code>' . WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '</code>'
				) . '</p>',
	)
);

$help_sidebar_autoupdates = '';

if ( current_user_can( 'update_plugins' ) && wp_is_auto_update_enabled_for_type( 'plugin' ) ) {
	get_current_screen()->add_help_tab(
		array(
			'id'      => 'plugins-themes-auto-updates',
			'title'   => __( 'Auto-updates' ),
			'content' =>
					'<p>' . __( 'Auto-updates can be enabled or disabled for each individual plugin. Plugins with auto-updates enabled will display the estimated date of the next auto-update. Auto-updates depends on the WP-Cron task scheduling system.' ) . '</p>' .
					'<p>' . __( 'Auto-updates are only available for plugins recognized by WordPress.org, or that include a compatible update system.' ) . '</p>' .
					'<p>' . __( 'Please note: Third-party themes and plugins, or custom code, may override WordPress scheduling.' ) . '</p>',
		)
	);

	$help_sidebar_autoupdates = '<p>' . __( '<a href="https://wordpress.org/documentation/article/plugins-themes-auto-updates/">Documentation on Auto-updates</a>' ) . '</p>';
}

get_current_screen()->set_help_sidebar(
	'<p><strong>' . __( 'For more information:' ) . '</strong></p>' .
	'<p>' . __( '<a href="https://wordpress.org/documentation/article/manage-plugins/">Documentation on Managing Plugins</a>' ) . '</p>' .
	$help_sidebar_autoupdates .
	'<p>' . __( '<a href="https://wordpress.org/support/forums/">Support forums</a>' ) . '</p>'
);

get_current_screen()->set_screen_reader_content(
	array(
		'heading_views'      => __( 'Filter plugins list' ),
		'heading_pagination' => __( 'Plugins list navigation' ),
		'heading_list'       => __( 'Plugins list' ),
	)
);

// Used in the HTML title tag.
$title       = __( 'Plugins' );
$parent_file = 'plugins.php';

require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-header.php';

$invalid = validate_active_plugins();
if ( ! empty( $invalid ) ) {
	foreach ( $invalid as $plugin_file => $error ) {
		$deactivated_message = sprintf(
			/* translators: 1: Plugin file, 2: Error message. */
			__( 'The plugin %1$s has been deactivated due to an error: %2$s' ),
			'<code>' . esc_html( $plugin_file ) . '</code>',
			esc_html( $error->get_error_message() )
		);
		wp_admin_notice(
			$deactivated_message,
			array(
				'id'                 => 'message',
				'additional_classes' => array( 'error' ),
			)
		);
	}
}

// Used by wp_admin_notice() updated notices.
$updated_notice_args = array(
	'id'                 => 'message',
	'additional_classes' => array( 'updated' ),
	'dismissible'        => true,
);
if ( isset( $_GET['error'] ) ) {

	if ( isset( $_GET['main'] ) ) {
		$errmsg = __( 'You cannot delete a plugin while it is active on the main site.' );
	} elseif ( isset( $_GET['charsout'] ) ) {
		$errmsg = sprintf(
			/* translators: %d: Number of characters. */
			_n(
				'The plugin generated %d character of <strong>unexpected output</strong> during activation.',
				'The plugin generated %d characters of <strong>unexpected output</strong> during activation.',
				$_GET['charsout']
			),
			$_GET['charsout']
		);
		$errmsg .= ' ' . __( 'If you notice &#8220;headers already sent&#8221; messages, problems with syndication feeds or other issues, try deactivating or removing this plugin.' );
	} elseif ( 'resuming' === $_GET['error'] ) {
		$errmsg = __( 'Plugin could not be resumed because it triggered a <strong>fatal error</strong>.' );
	} else {
		$errmsg = __( 'Plugin could not be activated because it triggered a <strong>fatal error</strong>.' );
	}

	if ( ! isset( $_GET['main'] ) && ! isset( $_GET['charsout'] )
		&& isset( $_GET['_error_nonce'] ) && wp_verify_nonce( $_GET['_error_nonce'], 'plugin-activation-error_' . $plugin )
	) {
		$iframe_url = add_query_arg(
			array(
				'action'   => 'error_scrape',
				'plugin'   => urlencode( $plugin ),
				'_wpnonce' => urlencode( $_GET['_error_nonce'] ),
			),
			admin_url( 'plugins.php' )
		);

		$errmsg .= '<iframe style="border:0" width="100%" height="70px" src="' . esc_url( $iframe_url ) . '"></iframe>';
	}

	wp_admin_notice(
		$errmsg,
		array(
			'id'                 => 'message',
			'additional_classes' => array( 'error' ),
		)
	);

} elseif ( isset( $_GET['deleted'] ) ) {
	$delete_result = get_option( 'plugins_delete_result_' . $user_ID );
	// Delete it once we're done.
	delete_option( 'plugins_delete_result_' . $user_ID );

	if ( is_wp_error( $delete_result ) ) {
		$plugin_not_deleted_message = sprintf(
			/* translators: %s: Error message. */
			__( 'Plugin could not be deleted due to an error: %s' ),
			esc_html( $delete_result->get_error_message() )
		);
		wp_admin_notice(
			$plugin_not_deleted_message,
			array(
				'id'                 => 'message',
				'additional_classes' => array( 'error' ),
				'dismissible'        => true,
			)
		);
	} else {
		if ( 1 === (int) $_GET['deleted'] ) {
			$plugins_deleted_message = __( 'The selected plugin has been deleted.' );
		} else {
			$plugins_deleted_message = __( 'The selected plugins have been deleted.' );
		}
		wp_admin_notice( $plugins_deleted_message, $updated_notice_args );
	}
} elseif ( isset( $_GET['activate'] ) ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'Plugin activated.' ), $updated_notice_args );
} elseif ( isset( $_GET['activate-multi'] ) ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'Selected plugins activated.' ), $updated_notice_args );
} elseif ( isset( $_GET['deactivate'] ) ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'Plugin deactivated.' ), $updated_notice_args );
} elseif ( isset( $_GET['deactivate-multi'] ) ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'Selected plugins deactivated.' ), $updated_notice_args );
} elseif ( 'update-selected' === $action ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'All selected plugins are up to date.' ), $updated_notice_args );
} elseif ( isset( $_GET['resume'] ) ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'Plugin resumed.' ), $updated_notice_args );
} elseif ( isset( $_GET['enabled-auto-update'] ) ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'Plugin will be auto-updated.' ), $updated_notice_args );
} elseif ( isset( $_GET['disabled-auto-update'] ) ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'Plugin will no longer be auto-updated.' ), $updated_notice_args );
} elseif ( isset( $_GET['enabled-auto-update-multi'] ) ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'Selected plugins will be auto-updated.' ), $updated_notice_args );
} elseif ( isset( $_GET['disabled-auto-update-multi'] ) ) {
	wp_admin_notice( __( 'Selected plugins will no longer be auto-updated.' ), $updated_notice_args );
}
?>

<?php WP_Plugin_Dependencies::display_admin_notice_for_unmet_dependencies(); ?>
<?php WP_Plugin_Dependencies::display_admin_notice_for_circular_dependencies(); ?>
<div class="wrap">
<h1 class="wp-heading-inline">
<?php
echo esc_html( $title );
?>
</h1>

<?php
if ( ( ! is_multisite() || is_network_admin() ) && current_user_can( 'install_plugins' ) ) {
	?>
	<a href="<?php echo esc_url( self_admin_url( 'plugin-install.php' ) ); ?>" class="page-title-action"><?php echo esc_html__( 'Add New Plugin' ); ?></a>
	<?php
}

if ( strlen( $s ) ) {
	echo '<span class="subtitle">';
	printf(
		/* translators: %s: Search query. */
		__( 'Search results for: %s' ),
		'<strong>' . esc_html( urldecode( $s ) ) . '</strong>'
	);
	echo '</span>';
}
?>

<hr class="wp-header-end">

<?php
/**
 * Fires before the plugins list table is rendered.
 *
 * This hook also fires before the plugins list table is rendered in the Network Admin.
 *
 * Please note: The 'active' portion of the hook name does not refer to whether the current
 * view is for active plugins, but rather all plugins actively-installed.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param array[] $plugins_all An array of arrays containing information on all installed plugins.
 */
do_action( 'pre_current_active_plugins', $plugins['all'] );
?>

<?php $wp_list_table->views(); ?>

<form class="search-form search-plugins" method="get">
<?php $wp_list_table->search_box( __( 'Search installed plugins' ), 'plugin' ); ?>
</form>

<form method="post" id="bulk-action-form">

<input type="hidden" name="plugin_status" value="<?php echo esc_attr( $status ); ?>" />
<input type="hidden" name="paged" value="<?php echo esc_attr( $page ); ?>" />

<?php $wp_list_table->display(); ?>
</form>

	<span class="spinner"></span>
</div>

<?php
wp_print_request_filesystem_credentials_modal();
wp_print_admin_notice_templates();
wp_print_update_row_templates();

require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-footer.php';

Upload File: